Lat 8`44.5S Long 115`12.7E
It is certain that Bali has been populated since pre-historic times. The oldest artifacts found are 3,000 years old. The earliest written records date back to the 9th century, well after the Indians had brought Hinduism to the archipelago. At the time, the Balinese were technically Hindu, but had incorporated in many of their animist beliefs (religion practiced prior to the arrival of Hinduism), creating a branch of Hinduism quite different from that practiced in India. By that time they already had a complex irrigation system used for growing rice.

In 1284 Bali was first conquered by its neighbor to the west, Java. This lead to two centuries of struggle for independence, with Bali winning for many years, then losing for as many, etc. In the 1400’s, Java’s empire fell apart and many intellectuals, artists, dancers, musicians and actors fled from Java to Bali. With so many artists, Bali flourished as an artistic center. In the 16th and 17th centuries, neighbor Java, as well as many other islands in the archipelago converted to Islam, but Bali held onto its unique Hindu belief system and corresponding artistic culture.

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