continued... Once tobacco exports were established, the tobacco farmers quickly grew wealthy. They used their money to buy even more land, taking all of the prime locations. As the society evolved, these large plantation owners dominated Virginia’s economy and government. In 1670, laws were changed so that property ownership and payment of taxes was required to vote or hold public office (both white and black), giving the plantation owners even more power over everyone else.

There had already been growing tensions amongst the freed indentured servants. The plantations primarily utilized slaves, so there were no jobs for these freed men to go to after their time in service ended. While they could start their own farms, they’d have to go to the edges of the settled areas, where there would inevitably be conflicts with the indigenous over the land. While the Powhatan (and tribes under the Powhatan umbrella) had made an agreement with the colonists, the colonists were now expanding beyond the Powhatan lands into areas with no such agreements. The government of Virginia did little to help protect these outlying farms from attack.

In 1674, Nathaniel Bacon arrived in Virginia. Bacon was arrogant, bold, active, moody and taken to alarming outbursts. He was also charismatic and an eloquent speaker. He was cajoled into leading a rebellion of disgruntled colonists. Some of the elite who were concerned about government corruption and mismanagement joined the rebellion, too. In 1676, Bacon formed his own militia whose goal was to remove all indigenous from the lands. They attacked and killed some Pamunkey, who were a friendly indigenous tribe under the Powhatan umbrella. The indigenous retaliated. The governor was furious that Bacon’s militia had disrupted peace with the Pamunkey as they’d had a lucrative fur trade relationship with them. In September 1676, there was a battle between the Virginia Militia and Bacon’s Militia in Jamestown. Bacon’s militia set fire to the town. Soon after, Bacon died of illness and the rebellion fizzled. The Queen of the Pamunkey signed a peace treaty with the colonists on behalf of her own tribe and several others that lasted almost 100 years

The capital of Virginia was moved to Williamsburg, ten miles away, in 1699. By that time, Virginia had grown from 104 colonists in Jamestown in 1607 to 60,000+ people spread all over the Virginia territory. Only about 600 Powhatan still remained in the English controlled areas. Blacks made up 10% of the population. Most people worked on plantations. After the capital moved, Jamestown declined rapidly. By 1716, all that was left was a church, a court house and three of four houses. Eventually, those buildings were cleared for agriculture. Once we’d finished in the museum, we headed back out to explore the fort some more.

continued… There was a presentation on muskets at noon outside the entrance to James fort, so at 1150, we headed back to the fort and found seats for the presentation. All in all, it was only about 7-minutes, but it was fascinating to hear about why the musket was the weapon of choice, how it was (dangerously) operated, and the military strategies the colonists used. Here was a clip of him firing the musket.

We headed inside the fort and went to a demonstration at the blacksmith shop. He made a nail for us.

Continued… We headed inside the museum. There was a big exhibit on the Wisconsin, as well as two different films about her in two different theaters. Our big take away was that the US spent ridiculous amounts of money on her and barely used her.

In 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the battleship in preparation for entering World War II. Construction on the Wisconsin began in January 1941 and was completed in a record breaking 39-months. She was commissioned in April 1944 and sent to the Pacific in September 1944 to join the “greatest armada ever assembled int the Pacific ocean.” Even though the Wisconsin was designed to accommodate less than 2,000 crew, she had nearly 3,000 crew onboard. That explained why the beds were in such weird places…

The Wisconsin engaged in combat in Okinawa in March 1945 and “played a vital role in every major Pacific naval operation…” She was decommissioned in 1948. She was recommissioned in 1951 and sent to Korea, where she destroyed strategic bridges, tunnels, railroads and supply stations with her 16-inch guns. In March 1952, an enemy shell hit the deck. Three crew were injured and the deck was damaged, but they were able to quickly repair the damage. It’s the only direct hit the ship has ever taken. She was decommissioned again in 1958.

She was recommissioned yet again by President Ronald Reagan in 1988. This recommissioning was very controversial. She’d been mothballed for decades and was in bad shape. The government spent a lot of money to get her back up to par along with a tremendous amount of more money to modernize her. The restoration/modernization project took two years.